Skip to main content
  • Short genome report
  • Open access
  • Published:

Draft genome sequence of Bacillus azotoformans MEV2011, a (Co-) denitrifying strain unable to grow with oxygen

An Erratum to this article was published on 30 September 2015

Abstract

Bacillus azotoformans MEV2011, isolated from soil, is a microaerotolerant obligate denitrifier, which can also produce N2 by co-denitrification. Oxygen is consumed but not growth-supportive. The draft genome has a size of 4.7 Mb and contains key genes for both denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.

Introduction

Species of the genus Bacillus are characterized as Gram-positive, facultative aerobic bacteria capable of forming endospores [1]. In the absence of oxygen, many Bacillus species can respire with nitrate instead, employing either dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium or denitrification [2, 3]. Despite the widespread occurrence of nitrate-reducing bacilli, their molecular and genetic basis remained poorly investigated [4, 5]. Only recently, genome sequencing of two denitrifying type strains, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T and B. bataviensis LMG 21883T, has yielded first insights into the genomic inventory of nitrate reduction and denitrification in Gram-positives [6].

Classification and features

B. azotoformans MEV2011 (Figure 1) was isolated at 28°C on anoxic King B plates [7] amended with KNO3 (5 g L-1) from a highly diluted top soil sample at Aarhus University, Denmark. Strain MEV2011 resembles the type strain in its chemoorganotrophic growth on short-chain fatty acids, complete denitrification, and absence of fermentation [8]. However, it differs from the type strain by its inability to grow with oxygen, even though it can tolerate and consume oxygen at atmospheric concentrations. Growth by denitrification (verified by 15N incubations; data not shown) starts at microaerobic conditions (<30 μM O2; Figure 2), yet the initial presence of oxygen in the growth medium leads to longer lag phases and no increase in final density of the culture (Figure 3); growth without nitrate was never observed. Therefore, we characterize B. azotoformans MEV2011 as microaerotolerant obligate denitrifier. In addition, B. azotoformans MEV2011 is capable of co-denitrification, a co-metabolic process, in which reduced nitrogen compounds like amino acids or hydroxylamine react with NO+ formed during denitrification to produce N2O or N2[9]; co-denitrification was verified by the mass spectrometric detection of 30 N2 + 29 N2 in cultures growing on tryptic soy broth (TSB) and 15NO3 -, as suggested in [9]. B. azotoformans MEV2011 is available from the BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection as strain LMG 28302; its general features are summarized in Table 1.

Figure 1
figure 1

Phylogenetic tree highlighting the position of Bacillus azotoformans MEV2011 (shown in red) relative to closely related (≥95% sequence similarity) type strains within the Bacillaceae . Pre-aligned sequences were retrieved from the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) [37]. Alignment of the B. azotoformans MEV2011 sequence as well as manual alignment optimization was performed in ARB [38]. The maximum likelihood tree was inferred from 1,478 aligned positions of 16S rRNA gene sequences and calculated based on the General Time Reversible (GTR) model with gamma rate heterogeneity using RAxML 7.4.2 [39]. Type strains with corresponding published genomes are shown in bold face. Open and closed circles indicate nodes with bootstrap support (1,000 replicates ) of 50-80% and >80%, respectively. Escherichia coli ATCC 11577T (X80725) was used to root the tree (not shown). Scale bar, 0.1 substitutions per nucleotide position.

Figure 2
figure 2

Consumption of oxygen (□ measured online with an oxygen microsensor) and nitrate ( measured by HPLC) during growth (▲ OD 600 ) of B. azotoformans MEV2011. No growth was observed at oxygen concentrations >30-35 μM, and the initiation of growth coincided with the first detection of 30 N2 from 15NO3 - (data not shown), indicating that growth was coupled to denitrification.

Figure 3
figure 3

Length of lag phase (h; bars), and final biomass (OD 600; circles) of B. azotoformans MEV2011 as function of the initial oxygen concentration in the culture. Cultures were grown in TSB (10 g L-1, Scharlau®) amended with 3 mM KNO3. Black and grey bars and circles represent data from replicate incubations. Growth was first detected when oxygen had been consumed to <30–35 μM (see Figure 2), explaining the increasing lag time with increasing oxygen concentrations. The final OD was almost identical in all incubations and unrelated to the initial oxygen concentration, indicating that oxygen did not contribute to biomass production.

Table 1 Classification and general features of Bacillus azotoformans MEV2011 [27]

Genome sequencing and annotation

Genome project history

Bacillus azotoformans MEV2011 was selected for whole genome sequencing based on its unusual “obligate” denitrifying phenotype, i.e. its inability to grow under oxic conditions, together with its co-denitrifying capacity. Comparing the genome of strain MEV2011 to that of the oxygen-respiring and conventionally denitrifying type strain [8] may provide insights into the molecular basis of its metabolic features. The draft genome sequence was completed on July 20, 2013. The genome project is deposited in the Genomes OnLine Database (GOLD) as project Gp0043190. Raw sequencing reads have been deposited at the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under the experiment numbers SRX527325 (100 bp library) and SRX527326 (400 bp library). This Whole Genome Shotgun project has been deposited at GenBank under the accession number JJRY00000000. The version described in this paper is version 1. Table 2 presents the project information and its association with MIGS version 2.0 compliance [27].

Table 2 Project information

Growth conditions and genomic DNA preparation

B. azotoformans MEV2011 was grown at 28°C in N2-flushed TSB (10 g L-1, Scharlau®) amended with KNO3 (3 g L-1). DNA was extracted using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit (Qiagen®).

Genome sequencing and assembly

Sequencing of the B. azotoformans MEV2011 genome was performed with an Ion Torrent PGM sequencer (Life Sciences) using 100 and 400 bp sequencing chemistries. Sequencing libraries were prepared using Ion Xpress™ Plus Fragment Library Kits (Life Sciences), and Ion OneTouch™ Template Kits (Life Sciences). Sequencing of the 100 bp library generated 442,853 reads (representing 42 Mbp of sequence information), while sequencing of the 400 bp library generated 2,401,947 reads (477 Mbp). Together, both libraries achieved a genome coverage of c. 110× for an estimated genome size of 4.7 Mbp. The reads were quality trimmed using the prinseq-lite.pl script [11] with the following parameters; reads generated with 100 bp chemistry: -min_len 50 -trim_to_len 110 -trim_left 15 -trim_qual_right 20 -trim_qual_window 4 -trim_qual_type mean; reads generated with 400 bp chemistry: -min_len 50 -trim_to_len 400 -trim_left 15 -trim_qual_right 20 -trim_qual_window 4 -trim_qual_type mean. The trimmed reads (2,491,456 reads representing 444 Mbp) were assembled using MIRA 3.9.18 [12] with the following parameters: job = genome,denovo,accurate; technology = iontor. In parallel, the reads were also assembled using Newbler 2.6 (Roche) with the following parameters: -mi 96 –ml 50 (i.e. 96% minimum sequence similarity and 50 bp minimum overlap). Contigs shorter than 1,000 bp were removed from both assemblies. All remaining contigs were trimmed by 50 bp from the 5’ and the 3’ ends using the prinseq-lite.pl script in order to remove error-prone contig ends. The two assemblies were merged and manually inspected using Sequencher 5.0.1 (Genecodes). In cases where the bases of the two assemblies disagreed, the Newbler variant was preferred. Contigs not contained in both assemblies were removed from the data set. The final assembly yielded 56 contigs representing 4.7 Mbp of sequence information.

Genome annotation

The draft genome was auto-annotated using the standard operation procedure of the Integrated Microbial Genomes Expert Review (IMG-ER) platform developed by the Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA [13]. In short, CRISPR regions were identified by CRT [14] and PILERCR [15], tRNAs were identified by tRNAScan-SE-1.23 [16], rRNAs were identified by RNAmmer [17], and finally all other genes were identified by Prodigal [18]. Functional annotation was based on gene comparisons with the KEGG database (release 63.0, July 1, 2012) [19], the PFAM database (version 25.0, March 30, 2011) [20], the cluster of orthologous groups (COG) [21] database, and the TIGRfam database (release 11.0, August 3, 2011) [22].

Genome properties

The MEV2011 draft genome is 4,703,886 bp long and comprises 56 contigs ranging in size from 1,773 to 525,568 bp, with an overall GC content of 37.49% (Table 3). Of the 4,986 predicted genes, 4,809 (96.45%) are protein-coding genes, and 177 are RNAs. Of the RNAs, 94 are tRNAs, and 37 are rRNAs. The number of 5S rRNAs as well as the number of partial 16S and 23S rRNA genes indicates a total of 11 rRNA operons. Most (75.3%) protein-coding genes were assigned to putative functions. The distribution of genes into COG functional categories is presented in Table 4.

Table 3 Nucleotide content and gene count levels of the genome
Table 4 Number of genes associated with general COG functional categories

Insights from the genome sequence

Overall, the genome of the novel strain MEV2011 appeared highly similar to that of the B. azotoformans type strain LMG 9581T[8]. In silico DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) was performed for the assembled MEV2011 genome against the published genome of LMG 9581T (Acc. number NZ_AJLR00000000); the contigs of B. azotoformans LMG 9581T were assembled into one FASTA file before uploading to the online genome-to-genome calculator provided by the DSMZ [23]. Using the GGDC 2.0 model, DHH estimates were always >70%, irrespective of the formula used for computing DHH, and with probabilities between 78 and 87%. These results confirm that MEV2011 is a novel strain of the species B. azotoformans.

Just as B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, strain MEV2011 carries multiple copies of key denitrification genes, encodes both membrane-bound and periplasmic nitrate reductases, and the key genes for nitrite reduction to both NO (in denitrification) and ammonium (in DNRA); see (Additional file 1: Table S1) and reference [6] for details. Modularity and redundancy in nitrate reduction pathways has also been observed in other Bacillus species (e.g. B. bataviensis[6], Bacillus sp. strain ZYK [24], Bacillus sp. strain 1NLA3E [25]), and may be a general feature of nitrate-reducing members of this genus.

All genes essential for aerobic respiration were identified, including those for terminal oxidases (see Additional file 1: Table S2) and for detoxifying reactive oxygen species (see Additional file 1: Table S3). Therefore, the inability of B. azotoformans MEV2011 to grow with oxygen remains a conundrum and in some way resembles that of various sulfate-reducing bacteria, which also consume oxygen and even produce ATP during oxic respiration but are unable to grow in the presence of oxygen [26].

Conclusion

Based on our whole genome comparison, the microaerotolerant obligate (co-) denitrifying Bacillus sp. MEV2011 (LMG 28302) is a novel strain of Bacillus azotoformans, with similar redundancy in its nitrate reduction pathways, including the potential for DNRA, and a complete set of genes for oxic respiration and oxygen detoxification; its inability to grow with oxygen remains enigmatic.

Abbreviations

DNRA:

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.

References

  1. Fritze D: Taxonomy of the genus Bacillus and related genera: the aerobic endospore-forming bacteria. Phytopathology 2004, 94:1245–1248. 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.11.1245

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Tiedje JM: Ecology of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. In Biology of anaerobic microorganisms. Edited by: Zehnder AJB. New York, NJ: John Wiley and Sons; 1988:179–244.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Verbaendert I, Boon N, De Vos P, Heylen K: Denitrification is a common feature among members of the genus Bacillus . System Appl Microbiol 2011, 34:385–391. 10.1016/j.syapm.2011.02.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Jones CM, Welsh A, Throbäck IN, Dörsch P, Bakken LR, Hallin S: Phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity among closely related soil‒borne N 2 - and N 2 O-producing Bacillus isolates harboring the nosZ gene. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011, 76:541–552. 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01071.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Verbaendert I, De Vos P, Boon N, Heylen K: Denitrification in Gram-positive bacteria: an underexplored trait. Biochem Soc Transac 2011, 39:254–258. 10.1042/BST0390254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Heylen K, Keltjens J: Redundancy and modularity in membrane-associated dissimilatory nitrate reduction in Bacillus . Frontiers Microbiol 2012, 3:371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. King E, Ward MK, Raney DE: Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescein. J Laborat Clin Med 1955, 44:301–307.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Pichinoty F, De Barjac H, Mandel M, Asselineau J: Description of Bacillus azotoformans sp. nov. Int J Syst Bac 1983, 33:660–662. 10.1099/00207713-33-3-660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Spott O, Russow R, Stange CF: Formation of hybrid N 2 O and hybrid N 2 due to codenitrification: First review of a barely considered process of microbially mediated N-nitrosation. Soil Biol Biochem 2011, 43:1995–2011. 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ashburner M, Ball CA, Blake JA, Botstein D, Butler H, Cherry JM, Davis AP, Dolinski K, Dwight SS, Eppig JT: Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology. Nat Genet 2000, 25:25–29. 10.1038/75556

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Schmieder R, Edwards R: Quality control and preprocessing of metagenomic datasets. Bioinformatics 2011, 27:863–864. 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr026

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Chevreux B, Wetter T, Suhai S: Genome sequence assembly using trace signals and additional sequence information. In Computer Science and Biology. Proceedings of the German Conference on Bioinformatics. Hannover, Germany: GCB; 1999:45–56.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Markowitz VM, Mavromatis K, Ivanova NN, Chen I-MA, Chu K, Kyrpides NC: IMG ER: a system for microbial genome annotation expert review and curation. Bioinformatics 2009, 25:2271–2278. 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp393

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bland C, Ramsey T, Sabree F, Lowe M, Brown K, Kyrpides N, Hugenholtz P: CRISPR Recognition Tool (CRT): a tool for automatic detection of clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats. BMC Bioinformatics 2007, 8:209. 10.1186/1471-2105-8-209

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Edgar R: PILER-CR: Fast and accurate identification of CRISPR repeats. BMC Bioinformatics. 2007, 8:18. 10.1186/1471-2105-8-18

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Lowe TM, Eddy SR: tRNAscan-SE: A Program for improved detection of transfer RNA genes in genomic sequence. Nucleic Acids Res 1997, 25:955–964. 10.1093/nar/25.5.0955

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lagesen K, Hallin P, Rødland EA, Stærfeldt H-H, Rognes T, Ussery DW: RNAmmer: consistent and rapid annotation of ribosomal RNA genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2007, 35:3100–3108. 10.1093/nar/gkm160

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hyatt D, Chen G-L, LoCascio P, Land M, Larimer F, Hauser L: Prodigal: prokaryotic gene recognition and translation initiation site identification. BMC Bioinform 2010, 11:119. 10.1186/1471-2105-11-119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ogata H, Goto S, Sato K, Fujibuchi W, Bono H, Kanehisa M: KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 1999, 27:29–34. 10.1093/nar/27.1.29

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Bateman A, Coin L, Durbin R, Finn RD, Hollich V, Griffiths-Jones S, Khanna A, Marshall M, Moxon S, Sonnhammer ELL, Eddy SR, Bateman A, Finn RD: The Pfam protein families database. Nucleic Acids Res 2004,32(suppl 1):D138-D141.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Tatusov R, Fedorova N, Jackson J, Jacobs A, Kiryutin B, Koonin E, Krylov D, Mazumder R, Mekhedov S, Nikolskaya A, Rao BS, Smirnov S, Sverdlov A, Vasudevan S, Wolf Y, Yin J, Natale D: The COG database: an updated version includes eukaryotes. BMC Bioinformatics 2003, 4:41. 10.1186/1471-2105-4-41

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Haft DH, Selengut JD, White O: The TIGRFAMs database of protein families. Nucleic Acid Res 2003, 31:371–373. 10.1093/nar/gkg128

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Auch AF, von Jan M, Klenk H-P, Göker M: Digital DNA-DNA hybridization for microbial species delineation by means of genome-to-genome sequence comparison. Stand Genomic Sci 2010, 2:117–134. 10.4056/sigs.531120

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bao P, Su J, Hu Z, Häggblom M, Zhu Y: Genome sequence of the facultative anaerobic bacterium Bacillus sp. strain ZYK, a selenite and nitrate reducer from paddy soil. Stand Genomic Sci 2014, 9:646–54. 10.4056/sigs.3817480

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Venkatramanan R, Prakash O, Woyke T, Chain P, Goodwin LA, Watson D, Brooks S, Kostka JE, Green SJ: Genome sequences for three denitrifying bacterial strains isolated from a uranium- and nitrate-contaminated subsurface environment. Genome Announc 2013,1(4):e00449–13. 10.1128/genomeA. 00449–13

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Dilling W, Cypionka H: Aerobic respiration in sulfate-reducing bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Letters 1990, 71:123–127.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Field D, Garrity G, Gray T, Morrison N, Selengut J, Sterk P, Tatusova T, Thomson N, Allen MJ, Angiuoli SV, Ashburner M, Axelrod N, Baldauf S, Ballard S, Boore J, Cochrane G, Cole J, Dawyndt P, De Vos P, dePamphilis C, Edwards R, Faruque N, Feldman R, Gilbert J, Gilna P, Glöckner FO, Goldstein P, Guralnick R, Haft D, Hancock D: The minimum information about a genome sequence (MIGS) specification. Nature Biotechnol 2008, 26:541–547. 10.1038/nbt1360

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML: Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990, 87:4576–4579. 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA: Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980, 30:225–420. 10.1099/00207713-30-1-225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Gibbons NE, Murray RGE: Proposals Concerning the Higher Taxa of Bacteria. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1978, 28:1–6. 10.1099/00207713-28-1-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Murray RGE: The Higher Taxa, or, a Place for Everything…? In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Volume 1. 1st edition. Edited by: Holt JG. Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Co.; 1984:31–34.

    Google Scholar 

  32. List no. 132: List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010, 60:469–472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Ludwig W, Schleifer KH, Whitman WB: Class I. Bacilli class nov. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Volume 3. 2nd edition. Edited by: De Vos P, Garrity G, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, Schleifer KH, Whitman WB. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2009:19–20.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Prévot AR, Hauderoy P, Ehringer G, Guillot G, Magrou J, Prevot AR, Rosset D, Urbain A (Eds): Dictionnaire des Bactéries Pathogènes. 2nd edition. Paris: Masson et Cie; 1953. p. 1–692

    Google Scholar 

  35. Fischer A: Untersuchungen über Bakterien. Jahrbücher für Wissenschaftliche Botanik 1895, 27:1–163.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cohn F: Untersuchungen über Bakterien. Beitr Biol Pflanz 1872, 1:127–224.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Cole JR, Wang Q, Cardenas E, Fish J, Chai B, Farris RJ, Kulam-Syed-Mohideen AS, McGarrell DM, Marsh T, Garrity GM, Tiedje JM: The Ribosomal Database Project: improved alignments and new tools for rRNA analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2009,37(suppl 1):D141-D145.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Ludwig W, Strunk O, Westram R, Richter L, Meier H, Kumar Y, Buchner A, Lai T, Steppi S, Jobb G, Förster W, Brettske I, Gerber S, Ginhart AW, Gross O, Grumann S, Hermann S, Jost R, König A, Liss T, Lüßmann R, May M, Nonhoff B, Reichel B, Strehlow R, Stamatakis A, Stuckmann N, Vilbig A, Lenke M, Ludwig T: ARB: a software environment for sequence data. Nucleic Acids Res 2004, 32:1363–1371. 10.1093/nar/gkh293

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Stamatakis A, Hoover P, Rougemont J: A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. System Biol 2008, 57:758–771. 10.1080/10635150802429642

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Anne Stentebjerg and Britta Poulsen for their excellent technical assistance. Eline Palm Hansen is acknowledged for the isolation and initial characterization of strain MEV2011 (together with Maja Nielsen). This work was supported by the Technology Transfer Office (TTO), Aarhus University, Denmark. Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (Grant agreement no.: DNRF106).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Maja Nielsen, Lars Schreiber or Andreas Schramm.

Additional information

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

KF and AS designed research, MN isolated and characterized strain MEV2011 and carried out the genome sequencing, LS performed bioinformatics analyses, all authors analyzed data, MN and LS wrote the manuscript with help of AS and KF, all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40793-015-0057-2.

Electronic supplementary material

40793_2014_33_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Additional file 1: Table S1.: Overview of the genomic inventory for dissimilatory nitrogen transformations in Bacillus azotoformans MEV2011. Table S2. Overview of the genomic inventory for enzymatic reduction of O2 and ATP synthase in Bacillus azotoformans MEV2011. Table S3. Overview of the genomic inventory for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in Bacillus azotoformans MEV2011. (PDF 119 KB)

Rights and permissions

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nielsen, M., Schreiber, L., Finster, K. et al. Draft genome sequence of Bacillus azotoformans MEV2011, a (Co-) denitrifying strain unable to grow with oxygen. Stand in Genomic Sci 10, 4 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/1944-3277-10-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1944-3277-10-4

Keywords