Fig. 2

Overview of the microbial composition in all Pinus cembra forests investigated. A, B The taxonomic composition of the A fungal and B bacterial community at the different sampling sites is visualized separate for snow covered and snow-free soils. C, D The relative abundances of C fungal and D bacterial core ASVs (detected in at least one sample from all three locations) at the different sampling sites is visualized separate for snow covered and snow-free soils. Colour shades highlight the diversity of orders within phyla. The relative abundance was calculated as read proportion of microbial units referring to all reads within a sample group (ranging from 0 to 1, i.e. 0–100% of reads)