Fig. 1

Survival of axenic and nonaxenic Monochamus alternatus larvae (n = 25) following topical infection with different concentration Beauveria bassiana. a 1 × 10⁶ conidia mL⁻¹; b 1 × 10⁷ conidia mL⁻¹; c 1 × 10⁸ conidia mL⁻¹; d 1 × 10⁹ conidia mL⁻¹ (Statistically significant differences between axenic and nonaxenic larvae infected Bb3275 are indicated by the asterisks). The phenotypes of naturally infected M. alternatus larvae, uninfected larvae (e). In the early stage of infection, the larva surface produced black spots (f). The cuticle of the larvae were covered with mycelium (g)