Fig. 5
RDA analysis of the effect of environmental factors on microbial community structures. A Effect of water environmental factors on water bacterial communities. B Effect of water environmental factors on gut bacterial community compositions in crab and crayfish habitats, respectively. C Effect of water environmental factors on gut viral community compositions in crayfish and crab habitats, respectively. D Effect of sediment environmental factors on gut viral community compositions in crayfish and crab habitats, respectively. All environmental factors were tested in RDA analysis using the envfit() function with 999 permutations, and those with p < 0.1 were shown in the figure, while those with p < 0.05 were considered as significant factors influencing the corresponding microbial community. RCFP: rice-crayfish co-culture model; non-RCFP: all other aquaculture models excluding RCFP; ORP: oxidation–reduction potential; TN: total nitrogen; NH4+-N: ammonium nitrogen concentration; NO3−-N: nitrate-nitrogen concentration; Sed_VM: sediment volume-weight; MC: moisture content; ERY1: erythromycin derivative 1; ERY2: erythromycin derivative 2. Arrows indicate the contribution of environmental factors to the microbial community. Purple symbols indicate microbes in the RCFP group, and red symbols represent microbes in the non-RCFP group