Fig. 3

Multi-kingdom co-occurrence networks of samples in the RCFP and non-RCFP groups. Networks in A water, B sediment, and C crayfish gut habitats are presented, respectively. Microbes with a relative abundance of ≥ 2% and coverage of > 20% samples were used to construct the multi-kingdom co-occurrence networks. Only Spearman correlations of ≥ 0.65 or ≤ -0.65 with p < 0.05 were considered strong correlations and visualized in the network. The nodes in green, blue, purple, and orange represent bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotes, respectively. Red edges indicate positive correlations, whereas blue edges reflect negative correlations