Fig. 2

Microbial community composition and diversity. A Overview of the sampling habitats and aquaculture models. B Viral community composition. C Bacterial community composition at the genus level. Unweighted paired-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA)-based hierarchical clustering (Bray–Curtis distance) was used to analyze the microbial community structure. Each column of Fig. 1B is vertically aligned to the columns of Fig. 1C. D Bacterial, archaeal, viral, and eukaryotic diversities across the crab gut, crayfish gut, sediment, and water habitats. E Comparison of microbial diversity across habitats via PCoA using Jaccard coefficients as the distance measurement. The 90% confidence intervals of each group are also shown in the background. Samples and tree branches colored in green, orange, blue, and yellow represent water, sediment, crayfish gut, and crab gut samples, respectively. CP: crab culture model; CFP: crayfish culture model; CCFP: crab-crayfish mixed culture model; RCFP rice-crayfish co-culture model; “uc’’: unclassified. “*”:p < 0.1; “**”:p < 0.05; “***”:p < 0.01; “****”:p < 0.001; ns: not significant