Fig. 3

Phylogenetic tree highlighting the relationship of B. hungatei MB2003 relative to the type strains of the other species within the genus Butyrivibrio. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the General Time Reversible model [55]. The tree with the highest log likelihood (−3712.3329) is shown. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (10,000 replicates) is shown next to the branches [56]. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the Maximum Composite Likelihood (MCL) approach, and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value. A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences among sites (5 categories (+G, parameter = 0.3950)). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. The analysis involved six nucleotide sequences. All positions with less than 95% site coverage were eliminated. There were a total of 1509 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 [55]. GenBank accession numbers of the 16S rRNA gene sequences are shown in parentheses. Bar, 0.02 nucleotide substitutions per site. ^T, indicates type strain. All the type strains have their genome sequencing projects registered in the Genomes Online Database (GOLD) [57]