Fig. 1

a The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of F. islandicum AW-1 grown on the TF medium supplemented with glucose (0.5 %, w/v) during anaerobic fermentation at 70 °C. b Complete degradation of native feathers by F. islandicum AW-1. The cells were grown on the TF medium supplemented with native feathers (0.8 %. w/v) during anaerobic fermentation at 70 °C for 48 h. For the preparation of specimens for F. islandicum AW-1, we followed the protocol as described previously